Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials Specific Regulation

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5. In this Specific Regulation -

"A1"

The activity value of a special form radioactive material or nuclear material, and is used to deter-mine the activity limits for the requirements of this Specific Regulation.

"A2"

The activity value of radioactive material or nuclear material, other than a special form radioactive material and is used to determine the activity limits for the requirements of this Specific Regulation.

Accident conditions of transport

Conditions that prevail during accident, being conditions similar to the conditions simulated by a combination of the tests specified in the Eighteenth Schedule with respect to a package.

Approve

Any form of approval associated with the transport of radioactive material or nuclear material issued by NRRC as prescribed in Regulation on Notification on and Authorization of Facilities and Activities With Radiation Sources (NRRC-R-02).

Annual dose limit

The limit of annual dose, whose value for the respective groups of the population is specified in the Regulation on Radiation Safety (NRRC-R-01), which must not be exceeded.

Cargo aircraft

Any aircraft, other than a passenger aircraft, which is carrying goods or property.

Confinement system

The assembly of fissile material and packaging components specified by the designer and agreed to by the NRRC as intended to preserve criticality safety.

Containment system

The assembly of components of the packaging specified by the designer as intended to retain the radioactive material during transport.

Courier service

Postal services provided in an expedited manner with track and trace service.

Criticality

A self-sustaining chain process of nuclear fission that can be maintained without an additional source of neutrons.

Dangerous goods

Articles or substances as defined in accordance with any laws governing transport of dangerous goods in the Kingdom.

Defined deck area

An area on the weather deck of a vessel or of a vehicle deck of a roll-on/roll-off ship or a ferry which is allocated for the stowage of radioactive material or nuclear material.

Depleted uranium

Uranium containing a lesser mass percentage of uranium-235 than in the natural uranium.

Design

The description of special form radioactive material, low dispersible radioactive material, package or packaging which enables such an item to be fully identified and may include specifications, engineering drawings, reports demonstrating compliance with regulatory requirements and other relevant documentation.

Enriched uranium

Uranium containing a greater mass percentage of uranium-235 than 0.72%.

Fissile material

A material containing any of the fissile nuclides. Excluded from the definition of fissile material are the following:

Natural uranium or depleted uranium that is unirradiated;

Natural uranium or depleted uranium that has been irradiated in thermal reactors only;

Material with fissile nuclides less than a total of 0.25 g;

Any combination of (a), (b) and/or (c).

These exclusions are only valid if there is no other material with fissile nuclides

in the package or in the consignment if shipped unpackaged.

Fissile nuclides

Uranium-233, Uranium-235, Plutonium-239 and Plutonium-241.

Large freight container

A freight container that has an internal volume of more than 3 cubic metres (m3).

LSA-I

Uranium and thorium ores and concentrates of such ores; and other ores containing naturally occurring radionuclides which are intended to be processed for the use of these radionuclides;

Natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium or their compounds or mixtures, providing they are unirradiated and in solid or liquid form;

Radioactive material or nuclear material for which the A_2 value is unlimited, excluding fissile material in quantities not excepted as specified in the Twentieth Schedule; or

Other radioactive material or nuclear material in which the activity is distributed throughout, and the estimated average specific activity does not exceed 30 times the values for activity concentration as determined by the NRRC, excluding fissile material in quantities not excepted as specified in the Twentieth Schedule.

LSA-II

Water with tritium concentration up to 0.8 terabecquerel per liter (TBq/l); or

Other material in which the activity is distributed throughout the material and the estimated average specific activity does not exceed 10^(-4) A_2/g for solid and gases, and 10^(-5) A_2/g for liquids.

LSA-III

Solids, excluding powders, in which-

The radioactive material or nuclear material is distributed throughout a solid or a collection of solid objects, or is essentially uniformly distributed in a solid compact binding agent such as concrete, bitumen or ceramic;

The estimated average specific activity of the solid, excluding any shielding material, does not exceed 2×10^(-3) A_2/g.

Low toxicity alpha emitters

Low toxicity alpha emitters are natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium, uranium-235, uranium-238, thorium-232, thorium-228 and thorium-230 when contained in ores or physical and chemical concentrates; or alpha emitters with a half-life of less than 10 days.

Maximum normal operating pressure

The maximum pressure above atmospheric pressure at mean sea level that would develop in the containment system in a period of one year under the conditions of temperature and solar radiation corresponding to environmental conditions in the absence of venting, external cooling by an ancillary system, or operational controls during transport.

Natural uranium

Uranium which may be chemically separated containing the naturally occurring distribution of uranium isotopes (approximately 99.28% uranium-238 and 0.72% uranium-235 by mass).

Non-conforming package

A package which does not meet one or more of the requirements of this Specific Regulation with respect to a package.

Normal conditions of transport

Conditions that prevail during routine transport similar to the conditions simulated by tests specified in Part III of the Seventeenth Schedule with respect to a package.

Postal service

The collections, transmission, and delivery of any postal article.

Qualified person

A person who has special knowledge in the safety measures required in handling of radioactive material or nuclear material, and in the decontamination of things contaminated by radioactive material or nuclear material and who is approved by the NRRC.

Small freight container

a freight container that has an internal volume of not more than 3 cubic metres (m3).

Subcritical

Incapable of reaching criticality.

SCO-I

is a solid object on which-

the non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 square centimetres (cm2) (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters;

the fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 square centimetres (cm2) (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4 x 104 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 4 x 103 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters; and

the non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 square centimetres (cm2)(or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4 x 104 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 4 x 103 Bq/ cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

SCO-II

is a solid object on which either the fixed or the non-fixed contamination on the surface exceeds the applicable limits specified for SCO-I but-

(a) the non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 square centimetres (cm2)(or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2 ) does not exceed 400 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 40 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters;

(b) the fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 square centimetres (cm2)(or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 8 x 105 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8 x 104 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters; and

(c) the non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 square centimetres (cm2)(or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 8 x 105 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8 x 104 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

SCO-III

is a large solid object which, because of its size, cannot be transported in a type of package described in this Regulation and for which:

(a) All openings are sealed to prevent release of radioactive material during conditions defined in Article 101;

(b) The inside of the object is as dry as practicable;

(d) The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 does not exceed 8 x 105 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8 x 104 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

Specific activity

The activity of a radionuclide per unit mass of that nuclide or the activity of a material per unit mass of that material in which the radionuclides are essentially uniformly distributed.

Transport document

A document accompanying a package being transported and containing all the necessary information as specified in Article 107 and Article 108.

Transport Index (TI)

A number which is used to provide control over radiation exposure that is assigned to a package, overpack or freight container or to unpackaged LSA-I or SCO-I or SCO-III.

Transport plan

A plan that shall be prepared by consignor for the transportation of SCO-III.

Unirradiated thorium

Thorium containing not more than 10-7 grams (g) of uranium-233 per gram of thorium-232.

Unirradiated uranium

Uranium containing not more than 2 x 103 becquerels (Bq) of plutonium per gram of uranium-235, not more than 9 x 106 Bq of fission products per gram of uranium-235 and not more than 5 x 10-3 g of uranium-236 per gram of uranium-235.

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48. Each package of gross mass exceeding 50 kilograms (kg) shall have its permissible gross mass legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package.

49. Each package shall be legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package with an identification of either the consignor or consignee, or both.

50. For:

(a) package other than excepted packages, the United Nations Number, preceded by the letters "UN", and the proper shipping name shall be legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package; and

(b) excepted packages, only the United Nations Number, preceded by the letters “UN”, shall be required.

51. Each package which conforms to a Type A package design shall be legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package with:

(a) the marking "TYPE A"; and

(b) the international vehicle registration code (VRI Code) of the country of origin and the name of the manufacturers, or other identification of the package as determined by the NRRC.

52. Each package which conforms to a Type B package design shall be legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package with:

(a) the identification mark assigned to that design by the NRRC;

(b) a serial number to identify each package which conforms to that design; and

53. Each package which conforms to a Type B (U), or Type B (M) package design shall be conspicuously and durably marked with a trefoil symbol which shall:

(a) conform to the model specified in Figure 1 of the Twenty Second Schedule;

(b) be placed on the outside of the package by embossing, stamping or other means; and

54. Each package which conforms to a Type C package design shall be:

(a) legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package with:

(i) the identification mark assigned to that design by the NRRC;

(ii) a serial number to identify each package which conforms to that design; and

(iii) the marking "TYPE C" for a Type C package design.

(b) conspicuously and durably marked with a trefoil symbol which shall:

(i) conform to the model specified in Figure 1 of the Thirteenth Schedule;

(ii) be placed on the outside of the package by embossing, stamping or other means; and

(iii) be resistant to fire and water.

55. Each package which conforms to an Industrial Package Type 1, Industrial package Type 2 or Industrial package Type 3 design shall be legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package with "TYPE IP-1", “TYPE IP-2" or "TYPE IP-3", as appropriate.

56. Each package which conform to an Industrial package Type 2 or Industrial package Type 3 design shall be legibly and durably marked on the outside of the package with the international vehicle registration code (VRI Code) of the country of origin and the name of the manufacturers or other identification of the package as determined by the NRRC.

57. Each package containing LSA-I or SCO-I material and transported under exclusive use, the outer surface of the package shall bear the marking "RADIOACTIVE LSA-I" or “RADIOACTIVE SCO-I", as appropriate.

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87. The consignor shall ensure that the dose rate at any point on the external surface of an excepted package does not exceed 5 µSv/h.

88. The consignor may transport radioactive material which is enclosed in or is included as a component part of an instrument or other manufactured article with activity not exceeding the item and package limits specified in column (B) and (C) respectively of the Eighth Schedule in an excepted package provided that:

(a) the dose rate at 10 cm from any point on the external surface of any unpackaged instrument or article is not greater than 0.1 mSv/h;

(b) each instrument or article bears the marking “RADIOACTIVE” except:

(i) devices containing radioluminescent; and

(ii) consumer products which do not individually exceed the activity limit for an exempt consignment or which have received approval from the NRRC, provided such products are transported in a package that bears the marking “RADIOACTIVE” on an internal surface in such a manner that warning of the presence of radioactive material is visible on opening the package; and

89. Radioactive material in forms other than those specified in Article 88 with an activity not exceeding the limit specified in column (D) of the Eighth Schedule may be transported in excepted package provided that:

(a) the package retains its radioactive contents under routine conditions of transport; and

(b) the package bears the marking “RADIOACTIVE” on an internal surface in such a manner that warning of the presence of radioactive material is visible on opening the package.

90. A manufactured article in which the sole radioactive material is unirradiated natural uranium, unirradiated depleted uranium or unirradiated natural thorium may be transported as an excepted package provided that the outer surface of the uranium or thorium is enclosed in an inactive sheath made of metal or some other substantial material.

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96. If the LSA or the SCO is to be transported in an industrial package, the consignor shall ensure that it is packed in a package as specified in the Nineteenth Schedule.

97. The consignor shall ensure that the total activity in a single hold or compartment of an inland watercraft, or in another conveyance, for carriage of LSA material or SCO in an industrial package or unpackaged does not exceed the limits specified in the Ninth Schedule. For SCO-III, the limits in Ninth Schedule may be exceeded provided that the transport plan contains precautions which are to be employed during transport to obtain an overall level of safety at least equivalent to that which would be provided if the limits had been applied.

98. The consignor may cause LSA-I (other than ores containing only naturally occurring radionuclides) or, subject to Article 99, SCO-I to be transported unpackaged if:

(a) the unpackaged material does not escape from the conveyance and the integrity of the shielding is not affected under the normal conditions of transport; and

(b) the conveyance is under exclusive use.

99. For SCO-I, as specified in Article 98 (b) shall only apply if:

(a) the accessible and inaccessible surface contamination is more than 4 Bq/cm2 for beta emitter, gamma emitter and low toxicity alpha emitter, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters; or

(b) it is suspected that the non-fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface is more than 4 Bq/cm2 for beta emitter, gamma emitter and low toxicity alpha emitter, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters.

100. The consignor shall ensure that LSA or SCO which contains fissile material is packed and transported in accordance with all the applicable requirements of this Specific Regulation.

101. For SCO-III, consignor shall ensure the following:

(a) Transport shall be under exclusive use by road, rail, inland waterway, or sea;

(b) Stacking shall not be permitted;

(c) All activities associated with the shipment, including radiation protection, emergency response and any special precautions or special administrative or operational controls that are to be employed during transport shall be described in a transport plan. The transport plan shall demonstrate that the overall level of safety in transport is at least equivalent to that which would be provided if the requirements paragraph 12 of Second Schedule (only for the test specified in paragraph 18, preceded by the test specified in paragraph 9-16 in Part III of the Seventeenth Schedule) had been met;

(d) The requirements of Part II of the Fifth Schedule for a Type IP-2 package shall be satisfied, except that the maximum damage referred to in paragraph 10-16 of Part III Seventeenth Schedule may be determined based on provisions in the transport plan, and the requirements of paragraph 17 in Part III Seventeenth Schedule are not applicable;

(e) The object and any shielding are secured to the conveyance in accordance with paragraph 1 of Fourth Schedule; and

(f) The shipment shall be subject to multilateral approval.

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107. The consignor shall ensure that a transport document is prepared for each consignment.

108. The transport document shall contain the following information, as applicable, in the order given below:

(a) the consignor and consignee identification including their names and addresses;

(b) the proper shipping name, as specified in Article 46 and Article 47;

(d) the United Nations Number assigned to the material as specified in Article 46 and Article 47, preceded by the letters "UN";

(e) the name or symbol of each radionuclide or for mixtures of radionuclides, an appropriate general description or a list of the most restrictive nuclides as specified in column (A) of Table I of the Thirteenth Schedule;

(f) a description of the physical form of the material, chemical form of the material which can include a generic chemical description, or a notation that the material is a special form radioactive material or low dispersible radioactive material;

(g) the maximum activity of the radioactive contents during transport expressed in units of becquerels (Bq) with the appropriate SI prefix as specified in the Fourteenth Schedule, but for fissile material, the total mass of the fissile material in units of grams (g), or appropriate multiples thereof, may be used in place of the activity;

(h) the category of the package, that is, I-WHITE, II-YELLOW or III-YELLOW;

(i) the transport index for categories II-YELLOW and III-YELLOW;

(j) the criticality safety index for consignments including fissile material other than consignments excepted as specified in the Twentieth Schedule;

(k) the identification mark of the NRRC or each competent authority approval certificate for special form radioactive material, low dispersible radioactive material, special arrangement, or package design or shipment, applicable to the consignment;

(l) for consignments of more than one package, the information specified in Article 108 (a) to (k) shall be given for each package;

(m) for packages in an overpack, freight container or conveyance, a detailed statement of the contents of each package within the overpack, freight container or conveyance and, where appropriate, of each overpack, freight container or conveyance shall be included and if packages are to be removed from the overpack, freight container or conveyance at a point of intermediate unloading, appropriate transport documents shall be made available;

(a) where a consignment to be shipped under exclusive use, the statement "EXCLUSIVE USE SHIPMENT"; and

(b) the total activity of the consignment as a multiple of A2 for LSA-II, LSA-III, SCO-I and SCO-II.

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116. If a package is transported for the first time after the package design approval certificate is issued by a competent authority, the consignor shall ensure that a copy of the certificate is submitted and received by the NRRC or the competent authority of each country through or into which the package is to be transported, before the first shipment is made.

117. The consignor shall notify the NRRC and the competent authority of each country through or into which the consignment is to be transported if the following is involved:

(a) a Type B(U) package containing radioactive material or nuclear material with an activity greater than 3 x 103 A1 or 3 x 103 A2, as appropriate, or 1000 TBq, whichever is the lower;

(b) a Type B (M) package;

(c) a Type C package containing radioactive material or nuclear material with an activity greater than 3 x 103 A1 or 3 x 103 A2, as appropriate, or 1000 TBq, whichever is the lower; or

(d) any shipment under a special arrangement.

118. The notification shall include:

(a) sufficient information, including all applicable certificate numbers and identification marks, to enable the identification of the package;

(b) information on the date of the shipment, the expected date of arrival and the proposed routing;

(d) a description of the physical and chemical form of the radioactive material or low dispersible radioactive material; and

(e) the maximum activity of the radioactive contents during transport expressed in units of becquerels (Bq) with an appropriate SI prefix as specified in the Fourteenth Schedule, except for fissile material, where the mass in units of grams (g), or multiples thereof, may be used in place of the activity.

119. The notification mentioned in Article 117 shall be in the hands of the NRRC or each competent authority at least seven days prior to the commencement of the shipment, but the consignor is not required to send the notification if the required information has been included in the application for approval of the shipment under Article 181 .

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122. The consignor shall ensure that before each shipment of any package, the following requirements are fulfilled:

(a) For each packages, all the requirements specified in the relevant provisions of this Specific Regulation have been satisfied;

(b) Lifting attachments which do not meet the requirements of paragraph 2 of the First Schedule have been removed or otherwise rendered incapable of being used for lifting the package, in accordance with paragraph 3 of the First Schedule;

(c) All the requirements specified in the approval certificates have been satisfied for each package requiring competent authority’s approval;

(d) Each of Type B(U) package, Type B(M) package or Type C package shall be held until equilibrium conditions have been approached closely enough to demonstrate compliance with the requirements for temperature and pressure unless an exemption from these requirements has received unilateral approval;

(e) Each of Type B(U), Type B(M) and Type C package shall be ensured by inspection and appropriate tests that all closures, valves or other openings of the containment system through which the radioactive contents might escape are properly closed and where appropriate, sealed in the manner that demonstrating compliance with the requirements of paragraph 9 of the Third Schedule and paragraph 3 of the Fourth Schedule, in accordance with instructions as set out by the designer, manufacturer or distributor of the package;

(f) All the requirements specified in the approval certificates and the relevant provisions of this Specific Regulation have been satisfied for each special form radioactive material;

(g) For packages containing fissile material, the measurement specified in paragraph 4(b) of the Seventh Schedule and the test to demonstrate closure of each package as specified in paragraph 7 of the Seventh Schedule are performed where applicable; and

(h) For each low dispersible radioactive material, all the requirements specified in the approval certificates and the relevant provisions of this Specific Regulation have been satisfied.

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165. Each design of Type B(U) and Type C package shall require unilateral approval.

166. An application for approval of a Type B(U) and Type C package design shall include:

(a) a detailed description of the proposed radioactive contents with reference to its physical and chemical states and the nature of the radiation emitted;

(b) a detailed statement of the design, including certified engineering drawings, schedules of materials and methods of manufacture;

(c) a statement of the results of the tests specified in the Third Schedule and Fourth Schedule or evidence based on calculations or other evidence that the design meets the relevant requirements of this Specific Regulation;

(d) the proposed operating and maintenance instructions for the use of the package;

(e) information on the materials used to manufacture the containment system, its specification and the tests to be made if the package is designed to have a maximum normal operating pressure in excess of 100 kPa;

(f) a statement and justification of any assumption made in the safety analysis relating to the characteristics of the fuel where the proposed radioactive content is an irradiated fuel;

(g) any special stowage provisions necessary to ensure the safe dissipation of heat from the package, with consideration given to the various modes of transport and type of conveyance or freight container to be used;

(h) a reproducible illustration not larger than 21 cm by 30 cm showing the make-up of the package; and

(i) specification and evidence of the applicable management system programme.

167. If Type B(U) and Type C package is to be used for the transport of fissile material involving international transboundary movement, the design of such package shall require multilateral approval.

168. If Type B(U) package is to be used for the transport of low dispersible radioactive material involving international transboundary movement, the design of such package shall require multilateral approval.

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Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials Specific Regulation

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