Radiological Safety of Public Consumption Foodstuff in Existing Exposure Situations Specific Regulation

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Section 1

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1. This specific regulation provides the risk management and control measures needed to guarantee that foods intended for public consumption are radiologically safe. It establishes the practical conditions necessary to support taking the proper action in response to radioactivity in foods that occurs in typical circumstances. In these scenarios, consuming foods containing radionuclides over an extended length of time could expose people to radiation for an extended period of time. Exposure could last a lifetime or for a few of years.

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Section 2

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2. This specific regulation applies to radionuclides of both natural and human-made origin are present at various concentrations in food, resulting in exposure to ionizing radiation and an internal radiation dose in non-emergency situations.

3. This specific regulation applies to relevant national foodstuff standards and implementation activities for locally produced or imported food products, particularly where national standards are exceeded.

4. The individuals and organizations that manage the risks from radioactivity in foods, as well as food suppliers, food regulators, and radiation protection experts, are the target audience for this specific regulation. Although it may be useful for such documents that must be prepared by food authorities, it is not intended for communication to the public.

5. This specific regulation is not intended to be applicable in case of nuclear and radiological emergency resulted in radioactive contamination of foods.

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Section 3

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Activity Concentration

The activity per unit mass or volume of the material in which the radionuclides are essentially uniformly distributed.

Guidance level

The guidance levels are activity concentrations in drinking-water that can be measured at an operational level by water suppliers as part of drinking-water monitoring and assessment.

Individual dose criterion (IDC)

The individual dose criterion (IDC) of 0.1 mSv y-1 is established for assessing health risks to an individual from prolonged exposure to radionuclides in drinking-water. The guidance levels have been developed as practical operational criteria to be used to assess if the IDC is exceeded.

Reference level

For an emergency exposure situation or an existing exposure situation, the level of risk or activity (A) concentration above which it is not appropriate to plan to allow exposures to occur.

and below which optimization of protection and safety would continue to be implemented.

Screening level

The screening levels are activity concentrations that can be used to demonstrate if the IDC may be exceeded. If either of the screening levels are exceeded, the activity concentrations of individual radionuclides should be determined and compared with the guidance levels (see below).

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Section 4

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6. The individual dose criterion (IDC) shall be equal to 0.1 mSv y^-1 effective dose for assessing public health risks from prolonged exposure to radionuclides in foodstuff.

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Section 5

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7. In the case of radionuclides in food, the relevant dose quantity shall be the committed effective dose for ingestion. The only way to estimate the dose is by assessment; it cannot be measured directly. Yet, it is possible to directly detect the radionuclide activity concentrations in food that result in exposure and consequently provide dose. In the case of radionuclides in food, either the activity concentration of specific radionuclides in individual foods in representative diet samples containing several individual foods are measured. There is, therefore, the option of defining reference levels in terms of individual dose (for the overall diet) or activity concentration (for individual foods).

8. The annual effective dose criterion of 1 mSv represents an individual dose that is somewhat higher than the annual ingested dose received by the majority of the general population from the diet. It is identified that there are seven radionuclides which together represent over 90% of the dose from the diet. These are ²¹⁰Po, ²¹⁰Pb and ²²⁶Ra from the uranium decay series, ²²⁸Ra from the thorium decay series and radiocaesium (^137+134Cs), ⁹⁰Sr and ¹⁴C. Although potassium (⁴⁰K) also contributes to the food ingestion dose it is not amenable to control.

9. The guidance levels of radionuclide concentration in foodstuff shall be established as listed below in Table 2.

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Section 6

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10. When considering individual foods and food products contaminated by naturally occurring radionuclides, 95^th percentile activity concentration reference levels given by Table 3 shall be used.

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Section 7

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Monitoring Programs for Radionuclides in Foods

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11. In situations where the activity concentration of a specific radionuclide consistently exceeds the values specified in Tables 1 and 2, a long-term monitoring program to follow changes in the activity concentration and to evaluate the doses to consumers shall be established. This would be particularly important if the food in question is a staple food widely consumed throughout the country. Along with regular analysis of food samples, the establishment of monitoring programs shall allow providing factual public information and quickly identifying situations where further investigation, and possible actions, may need to be considered.

12. Various analytical methods for radioactivity in foods are summarized in Table 5. The measurement of activity concentration should be performed according to the approved standard methods of measurement that can be used for concluding whether the reference levels are exceeded or not.

Radiological Safety of Public Consumption Foodstuff in Existing Exposure Situations Specific Regulation

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Section 1

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Section 2

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Section 3

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Section 4

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Section 5

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Section 6

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Section 7

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Monitoring Programs for Radionuclides in Foods

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Annex I

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